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151.
R. P. Okatov F. K. Nizametdinov B. N. Tsai T. T. Bondarenko 《Journal of Mining Science》2003,39(2):139-142
Using the synthesis of the kinetic concept on solid strength and the Coulomb - Mohr strength theory as the base, the failure conditions taking into account the time and temperature factors are obtained. 相似文献
152.
153.
A. Rizzo M.A. Signore M.F. De Riccardis L. Capodieci D. Dimaio T. Nocco 《Thin solid films》2007,515(17):6665-6671
The effect of the deposition rate on the structural and morphological properties of TiN and ZrN single layers and TiN/ZrN multilayers deposited by radiofrequency reactive magnetron sputtering has been studied. The total pressure was kept constant and the growth rate variation was obtained by small difference of nitrogen concentration in the fed gas. The decreasing deposition rate results in a structural change in the thin films from (111) orientation to (100) one. As consequence the surface morphology becomes smoother. Films roughness is strongly related with texture and it decreases with an increase in the (100) X-ray diffraction line intensity. In order to achieve a clear interpretation of our experimental results, the ratio between the N+ ions of the plasma and the atoms number reaching the substrate was considered. At high deposition rate with respect to the N+ concentration, the chemical potential of transition metal on (100) growth surface is higher than (111) one favouring the (111) orientation of the films. On the contrary, when the growth rate is low with respect to the nitrogen concentration, the chemical potential of transition metal on (111) growth surface is higher than the (100) one leading to a preferential growth in the (100) direction. 相似文献
154.
155.
Madden Gregory J.; Begotka Andrea M.; Raiff Bethany R.; Kastern Lana L. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,11(2):139
The degree to which real and hypothetical rewards were discounted across delays ranging from 6 hr to 1 year was explored in a within-subjects design. An adjusting-amounts procedure was used to estimate the subjective value of real and hypothetical rewards at each delay. A hyperbolic discounting function provided a significantly better fit to individual participants' preferences than did an exponential function. No significant effect of reward type on degree of hyperbolic discounting or area under the discounting curves was detected. These findings offer some support for the validity of using hypothetical rewards to estimate discounting rates in substance-abusing and other populations, but caution is suggested because this support is gleaned from a failure to detect an effect of reward type. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
156.
马娟 《湖南冶金职业技术学院学报》2003,(4)
通过例句讲解了until的用法,辨析了until与till、before的异同,并列举了高中英语和大学英语部分课文及习题中的例句。 相似文献
157.
A. G. ATKINS Z. CHEN B. COTTERELL 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》2003,26(1):67-77
In this paper, energy dissipation rate D vs. Δa curves in ductile fracture are predicted using a ‘conversion’ between loads, load‐point displacements and crack lengths predicted by NLEFM and those found in real ELPL propagation. The NLEFM/ELPL link was recently discovered for the DCB testpiece, and we believe it applies to other cracked geometries. The predictions for D agree with experimental results. The model permits a crack tip toughness R(Δa) which rises from Jc and saturates out when (if) steady state propagation is reached after a transient stage in which all tunnelling, crack tip necking and shear lip formation is established. JR is always greater than the crack tip R(Δa) and continues to rise even after R(Δa) levels off. The analysis is capable of predicting the usual D vs. Δa curves in the literature which have high initial values and fall monotonically to a plateau at large Δa. It also predicts that D curves for CCT testpieces should be higher than those for SENB/CT, as found in practice. The possibility that D curves at some intermediate Δa may dip to a minimum below the levelled‐off value at large Δa is predicted and confirmed by experiment. Recently reported D curves that have smaller initial D than the D‐values after extensive propagation can also be predicted. The testpiece geometry and crack tip R(Δa) conditions required to produce these different‐shaped D vs. Δa curves are established and confirmed by comparison with experiment. The energy dissipation rate D vs. Δa is not a transferable property as it depends on geometry. The material characteristic R(Δa) may be the ‘transferable property’ for scaling problems in ELPL fracture. How it can be deduced from D vs. Δa curves (and by implication, JR vs. Δa curves) is established. 相似文献
158.
159.
一种测量建筑材料和土壤氡面析出率的新方案 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
在分析了直接测量法测量氡面析出率的原理和影响测量效果各因素的基础上,对建筑材料、土壤氡面析出率的测量方案进行了探讨,并提出了一种新的测量方案。该方案能够较好地克服氡面析出率测量中各种因素的影响,并且具有装置简单、可大批量重复测量、成本低等优点。 相似文献
160.
Turbo码采用修正的BAHL et al.算法实现解码.这是一种基于软值的概率迭代解码算法.本文在保持Turbo码迭代软解码算法优点的基础上,充分利用Turbo码编码器结构这一确知条件,结合代数解码原理,提出了一种Turbo码概率-代数联合解码算法.该算法结合了概率解码和代数解码的优点,又有效避免了误差传播的发生,使Turbo码的纠错性能在原经典算法的基础上得到进一步的提高.该算法不仅为降低Turbo码的比特误码率和误差地板值提供了一种新的研究途径,而且因其更好的纠错性能而具有十分明显的实用价值.仿真实验结果显示,在比特误码率(BER)为10-3~10-4时,与经典Turbo码解码算法相比,采用该算法能获得0.1dB左右的编码增益. 相似文献